PROTOCOL
International multiphase mixed methods study protocol to develop a cross-cultural patient-reported outcome instrument for children and young adults with cleft lip and/or palate (CLEFT-Q)
CONCEPT ELICITATION
What matters to patients with cleft lip and/or palate: An international qualitative study informing the development of the CLEFT-Q
CONTENT VALIDITY
Establishing content validity of the CLEFT-Q: A new patient-reported outcome instrument for cleft lip/palate
FIELD TEST
Psychometric findings and normative values for the CLEFT-Q based on 2434 children and young adult patients with cleft lip and/or palate from 12 countries
IMPACT OF COMPLETING
Impact of completing CLEFT-Q scales that ask about appearance on children and young adults: An international study
CONSTRUCT VALIDITY
CLEFT-Q: Detecting differences in outcomes among 2434 patients with varying cleft types